Shingle or block construction



Mar. 6, 1923.

A. c. FISCHER SHINGLE OR BLOCK CONSTRUCTION 1918 2 sheets-sheet 1 FiledApr. 20

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INVENTOR fllberz 61 Fischer. I

,1 T TOR NE V Mar. 6, 1923. 1,447,290

' A. C. FISCHER SHINGLE OR BLOCQK CONSTRUCTION FiJed Apr. 20, 1918 2sheets-sheet; 2

IN VENTOR 1,4

ATTORNEY Patented ar. 6, I923.

ALBERT C. FISCHER, 015 Kansas CITY, MISSOURI.

' tit ("a {a s SHIN'GLE oaBLoCx CONSTRUCTIO f; ,3,

Application filed April 20, 1918. Serial No. 229,681.

' pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to theletters and figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to shingle and block construction and moreparticularly to shingles or blocks for roof or floor coverings; theprincipal object of the invention being to provide shingles or blockswherein a backing portion, provided either as an integral part, or as aseparate piece applied thereto, extends beyond the edges of the shingleor block body so that it may-underlie the edges of a juxtaposed shingleor block to effect a closed joint and prevent leakage therebetween.

It is also an object of the invention to provide shingles or blocks ofthis character wherein the backing extends from one or more edgesthereof and wherein such extended edges are provided with a masticcoating, such as asphalt, tar, or the like whereby overlapped portionsmay be sealed and bonded together to make a weather proof andserviceable roof.

In accomplishing these objects I have provided improved details ofstructure the preferred forms of which are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, wherein ig. I is a perspective view of apreferred form of shingle constructed according to the presentinvention.

Fig. II is a perspective view of a portion of a roofcovered withshingles constructed and applied according to the present invention. v I

Fig. III is a cross-sectional view, on the line III-III Fig. II, ing ofthe shingles and the over-lapped relation of the backing edges.

Fig. IV is a detail perspective view of shingles of a slightly modifiedform wherein the backing extends only at one side of the shingle body.

Fig. V is a perspective view of a part of which it apillustrating thelaya roof, illustrating the preferred method of applying the shingles.of the type shown in Fig. IV.

Fig. VI is a cross sectional view on the line VI--VI, Fig. .V.

Fig. VII illustrates another form of shingle wherein the backing memberis of the samesize as the shingle, but is offset at one side and endthereof.

Fig. VIII is a perspective view illustrating the preferred method ofassembling the shingles shown in Fig. VII, to cover a roof.

Fig. IX is a sectional view on the line IX-'-IX, Fig. VIII.

Fig. X is a detail perspective view of another form of shingle whereinthe backing member extends at all sides of the shingle body. j

Fig. XI is a perspective Viewillustrating the assembly upon a roof ofshingles having the construction shown in Figure X.

Referring more in detail to the drawings:

In Fig. I, I have shown the preferred form ofshingle. This shinglecomprises a body portion 1 which may be of composition felt and asphaltconstruction of any desirable thickness and is here shown as having agravel coating to insure a durable wearing surface.

The .body 1 is provided with a backing strip 2, preferably a heavy'strlpof tarred paper, felt or similar substance, whlch 1s applied to orformed as a part of the body so that the opposite edges 3-3 thereofextend substantially beyond the side edges of the shingle body. V I

The backing 2, the same as the shmgle bodies, may be made in differentthicknesses and maybe applied by sticking the same to the shingle bodyafter the latter has been formed or may be made as a part of the body,and is preferably a flexible and pliable material, and while it is notalways necessary, in most instances the. upper surfaces of the exposedmar us of the backing strips are coated with a ayer 5 of asphalt, tar orsimilar substance so that when the shingles are laid on a roof, as ispresently described, the coating will serve to stick or seal theoverlapped edges together to close the joint between the shingles.

When laying these shingles to cover a roof, the lower course is placedfirst, with the bodies 1 of the shingles spaced apart and leavingdrainage. channels 8 between them, which may be alined if desired toprovlde continuous channels through the whole incline of the roof. Theprotruding margins 3, 3 of the backing strips, at opposite sides of eachshingle, extend, respectively, over and beneath the protruded margins ofthe backing strips of adjacent shingles at opposite sides thereof, andthus not only form water-tight joints but also provide the bottoms ofthe drainage channels. The overlying backing strip for instance, strip 3in each instance is extended slightly beneath the body 1 of the adjacentshingle, that is to say, between said body and its backing strip,whereby the free edges of said overlying backing strips are interlockedagainst curling up of the strip or opening of the seam. the stripsadhere together, and so seals the joints that leakage therebetween isprevented.

Small nails or tacks may be driven through the upper edges of theshingles as shown at 6 to anchor the same to the roof or else smallcleats as shown at 7 may be applied to their free end or side marginswhich more effectively hold the same in place.

The following courses are then laid to slightly overlap the upper edgeof the shingles of the first courses and preferably as shown in Fig. II,with the spaces between the shingles of each course in alignment, asthis forms a serviceable and the most attract1ve roof, although a veryserviceable roof is provided when the shingles are laid in brokenjoints.

Fig. IV shows a slight modification from the preferred form of shinglein that the base or backing extends only at one side of the shinglebody. Shingles of this construction are laid, as shown in Fig. V, alittle closer together than those first described and may be laid ineither straight or broken oint courses. The extended or marginalportions of the backing of these shingles may also be coated with amastic substance and when laid are extended beneath the edge of theadjacent shingle suificiently that an effective sealed joint is made.Shingles of this construction are also laid in courses and areover-lapped as shown in Fig. V and may be fixed to the roof either withtacks, cleats Or in any other desirable manner.

The form of shingle illustrated in Figs. VII, VIII and IX is stillanother modification of that shown in Fig. I. In this type the backingmember is cut the same size as the shingle body and is then appliedthereto so that its margins -a and -Z) extend at one side and at thelower end of the shingle body, and when the shingles are laid to cover aroof, as shown in Fig. VIII, they are placed with their body portiontightly together without over-lapping one another, but with marginalportions of the backing mem- The mastic coating serves to make bodiesand their backing strips.

bers overlapping one another and underlying adjacent body portions, andpreferably in straight, vertical and broken horizontal joints.

It will be noted that in this construction and method of laying theshingles all vertical joints between shingle bodies are entirely closedby the underlying backing strip margins a and the horizontal joints areclosed by the underlying backing margins b, and said margins a and b,and also the edges of the shingle bodies when coated with a masticsubstance, will bond the shingles together to form practically a singlesheet of roofing and will absolutely seal all the joints againstleakage.

The shingle shownin Fig. X differs from the others only in that thebacking strip 2 has margins abc and (Z extending at all margins of theshingle body. Shingles of this construction are laid, as shown in Fig.XI, close together with the joints either broken or in alignment, andthe margins of the backing at opposite edges of the bodies extendedrespectively beneath and above the margins of the backing members ofadjacent shingles, the upper margins in' each instance being extendedbetween the shingle Various means, such as tacks, cleats, etc, may beused to hold the shingles in place.

It is apparent that shingles or blocks of the present character shouldbe made at a reasonable cost and when properly applied would form aserviceable and durable roof.

It is also apparent that by coating the edges of the backing strip withthe mastic material, when the edges are placed in overlapped relationthe mastic will join the parts together and seal the joint to positivelyprevent weather leakage therethrough.

\Vhile I have shown the preferred methods of laying the shingles it isapparent that various other designs could be used without departing fromthe spirit of the invention.

It is also noted that while I have described the shingles as being ofcomposition construction with a flexible backing, which is preferredbecause the flexibility of the backing adapts it to be pressed out ofits own plane in developing a smooth upper surface on the body portionwhich overlaps the margins of the backing members, yet some of theadvantages of the present invention, as for instance, introducing themargin of one backing member between the body and backing member of anadjacent shingle, would still be present even if the shingles be made ofslate, tile or other non-flexible material and still be applied in thesame manner, and I therefore do not wish to be limited to any particularmaterial of construction.

I claim- 1. A roof comprising shingles, each of which'comprises a bodyportion having a flexible backing portion extending from opposite sideedges thereof, said shingles being arranged with one of the extendingporbody portions each having flexible bacldng port-ions extending fromopposite edges thereof, with the extended backing portions of adjacentshingles overlapping, and one of them extending beneath the adjacentbody portion.

3. A shingle comprising a body portion having a backing member extendedat an edge or edges thereof and separable from the body portion near theedge or edges of the latter.

4. A roof comprising shingles each of which comprises a body portionhaving a flexible backing portion extending from' a side edge thereof,said vshingles bein arranged with the extending portions 0? certain ofsaid shingles underlying and adhering to portions of adjacent shingles.

5.. A. roof comprising shingles each of which comprises a body portionhaving a flexible backing portion extending from a side edge thereof,said shingles being arranged with the extending portionsof certain ofsaid shingles lying between the body portion and the backing of anadjacent shingle. i Y

6. A shingle comprising a body portion having a flexible backingextending from an edge thereof said backing portion being separable fromsaid body portion near an edge of said body portion.

-7. A shingle, or the like, comprising a rectangular body portion ofsubstantial thickness, and a backing portion aflixed to the bodyportion, presenting free marginal portions extending at a sideond endthereof, and separable from the body portion near the edge of thelatter.

8. In a roof or the like, the combination of shingles in courses, saidshingles comprising body portions having backing members applied theretoin position to leave 1 "flexible marginal portions extending beyond theedges of the body portions, said portions having mastic coating appliedthereto; said shlngles being assembled with their body portions insubstantially the same plane, with their flexible marginal portionslapped one over another, and with each outer marginal portion extendingin between the underlying marginal portion and the body which carriesit.

9. In a shingle roof, shingles comprising bod portions of substantialthickness and bac 'ng members of flexible material providing flexiblemarginal projections thereon; said shingles being assembled with theirbody portions in substantially the same plane, with their edges in the'directiono'f drainage spaced apart to develop drainage channels betweenthem, and with their marginal portions overlapped in position to providebottoms to said drainage, channels.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

